ProCus Learning

Augmented Reality (AR) is a constantly growing field in computer science. Research efforts have been continually intensified and solutions have been developed for various domains such as entertainment, education, navigation, medicine, and other different areas. Augmented Reality (AR) merges virtual objects, in either 2 or 3 dimensions, with the real world. By extending the real world with virtual, computer-generated information, the perception of natural environments can be enriched, and the surrounding world can be interactively manipulated.                                                                         An AR showroom demo developed by Microsoft and Volvo provides an X-ray view of the engine, source: ref 1 To understand AR in a more easy way, let's take an example of an Instagram video calling. As ex...

“Knowing that a machine will soon break down and preventing this at the right moment saves companies time and money. To get this knowledge, analytical evaluation of the existing data is decisive.” Case Study 1: Large medical devices such as Diagnostic Imaging, CT scanners, and magnetic resonance imaging systems are a major investment for doctors’ practices and hospitals. Unexpected breakdowns don’t just cause huge costs but also jeopardize patients’ medical care. For manufacturers, this means many spare parts must be kept in stock permanently, resulting in high capital tie-ups. If a device breaks down, the technicians have to take numerous spare parts with them to the customer on spec. And if the parts aren’t needed, they have to be thoroughly checked before they can be restocked. Goals Predict the failure probability of large medical devices Optimize stockholding for replacement parts and operations management Improve customer service and reduce downtimes Approach Read system logs and...

The complete FPGA flow including the synthesis process of HDL code consists of a number of processes which are:- source:https://allaboutfpga.com/fpga-design-flow/ 1] Design This is the first process in the FPGA design flow. From the specification, several factors need to be determined first such as complexity of the block, total number of I/O's, frequency of the block, and power consumption along with optimization. There are several methods for design entry. It can be schematic-based with the help of GUI and then needs to be invoked using instance name and proper instance name. The design can also be entered using HDL based entry. Depending on the complexity of the block, one can choose. 2] Logic Synthesis The whole process of converting an RTL code either a Verilog/VHDL code into a gate-level the netlist can be broadly classified into the following three processes:- Translate Optimization Gate level mapping So let's start with each of the processes:- The first process combine...

Background The human body is composed of trillions of cells, each of which requires the continuous supply of oxygen (O_2) and the excretion of carbon dioxide (CO_2) for metabolism and survival. Therefore, measuring the amount of oxygen present in blood or tissues could help assess a person’s health and overall well-being [1]. Blood oxygenation is the measure of oxygen present in arterial or venous blood, while the measure of oxygen present in the vascular tissue or microvascular bed is referred to as tissue oxygenation. Blood oxygenation assesses how well oxygen binds to hemoglobin, indicating the adequacy of pulmonary gas exchange. Tissue oxygenation indicates the adequacy of tissue perfusion and is primarily determined by the local delivery of oxygenated blood [2] Oxygen enters the lungs and then passed into the blood. The blood carries oxygen to the various organs in our body. The main way oxygen is carried in our blood is through hemoglobin. The hemoglobin without oxygen is called ...

The four main consideration of today’s high-speed design:                                                                                                                                                            Ref(1) We need to consider signal integrity , which includes parameters such as Overshoot and Ringing. Need to look at crosstalk which is about EMI coupling between traces on PCB board Timing is about calculating the flight time EMI and radiation  These parameters are related to each other and aff...

The microprocessor does there major functions:  1. Read from Memory to internal register 2. Write to Memory from internal register 3. Execute using internal registers The microprocessor does not execute using external memory. It performs the execution using its internal registers. So Microprocessor performs two major activities externally. Read from Memory and Write to Memory are these two major activities. Let us discuss a generic microprocessor which has 16 address and 8 data lines. In this case, the Microprocessor can access up to 64 K locations because it has 16 address lines (2^16 = 64K). Since this microprocessor has 8 data lines each location contains 8 bits (1 byte). Now let us see the address range of Microprocessor Since representing in binary is quite laborious, we use Hexa-Decimal Representation which is nothing but a short form of Binary.  So the microprocessor which has 16 address lines can address 0000 - FFFF locations. The same way the 64K memory has 16 address...

The microprocessor performs two types of operations called Arithmetic and Logic. So, the basic functional unit which consists of Arithmetic (Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division) and Logic (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR) is called Arithmetic Logic Unit. Now, let us see how the functions inside ALU are controlled by the control unit. The Control input is the one that informs the ALU units what operations are to be performed. So, even though the ALU can perform a lot of functions at a time, it perform only one operation based on the control input. This control input to the ALU is generated by the control unit which is shown below. Based on what criteria the Control unit generated the Control output? The control output is generated based on the input called Opcode(Operation code), which can be called an Instruction. How the Control unit is getting the Opcode? The Opcode is stored in Memory by the User as shown below. The user knows for each Opcode the behavior of the Control...