ProCus Learning

Machine Learning What? Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience ( training data ) without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning focuses on the development of computer programs that can access data and use it to learn for themselves. Mathematically, Learning a target function (f) that best maps  input  variables (X) to an  output  variable (Y). Y = f(X) This is a general  learning  task where we would like to make predictions in the future (Y) given new examples of  input  variables (X). Why? It can be used for the classification of disease in the plant/human body, predicting the wear/tear of the machine, predicting the failure, optimizing power and area on chip based on routing recommendation, and so on.  Internet of Things (IoT) What? Internet means any network wired/wireless (e.g. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, access points)...

  At first, Let us understand the machine learning definition: Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience ( training data ) without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning focuses on the development of computer programs that can access data and use it to learn for themselves. In the above definition - Data is the most important element. A machine learning algorithm/model can't be developed without Data . In healthcare - Data could be Diagnostic images that help view inside the body to help figure out the causes of an illness or injury and confirm a diagnosis. The Source of the Diagnostic images is the Diagnostic X-ray Devices . Now, let’s understand the traditional approach to programming. For example, we used to write a simple program to find the average of the number, then input a series of data, and it prints the output data. So, basically, we had...

The component selection is the most important and crucial part for the designer in the product development cycle. Process of Component selection: Parameter of Component Selection There are various parameters to be considered for component selection. The parameters to be considered for component selection can be broadly classified as technical parameters and non-technical parameters. The selection process is many a time, a fine balancing act between the technical and non-technical aspects. Technical Parameters  Functionality : The first and foremost question to be asked by the designer is whether the component under consideration meets all the functions desired by the application. An example could be whether a certain power supply IC meets the voltage and current requirements of the application.  DC Electrical Characteristics : The most important DC Electrical Characteristic of the device to be considered is the supply voltage(s) at which the device operates. In systems wi...

One of the most common questions asked is the difference between single-ended and differential signals inputs, and what applications they should be considered in. It is important to know the difference between single-ended and differential inputs as it can greatly affect the quality of your data Differential signaling  is a method for electrically transmitting information  using two complementary signals . The technique sends the same electrical signal as a  differential pair  of signals, each in its own conductor. The pair of conductors can be wires (typically twisted together) or traces on a circuit board. The receiving circuit responds to the electrical difference between the two signals, rather than the difference between a single wire and ground . The opposite technique is called single-ended signaling. A  single-ended input  measures the voltage difference between a wire and the ground. This difference is then amplified to provide the output. Single-e...

Timing components are one of the most ubiquitous components in electronics. They are needed in nearly every complex design and all our electronics wouldn’t work without them.  In this article, I will be explaining the different kinds of timing components available and just why clocks are so important in digital electrical circuits. What is a clock signal? We can define a clock signal as a particular type of signal that oscillates between a high and a low state. The signal acts like a metronome, which the digital circuit follows in time to coordinate its sequence of actions. Digital circuits rely on clock signals to know when and how to execute the functions that are programmed. If the clock in design is like the heart of an animal, then clock signals are the heartbeats that keep the system in motion. How are the clock signals produced? There are different ways a clock signal can to be produced, but they all start off with the  crystal resonator .   A crystal resonator is ...

Many novice programmers attempt to dive right into writing the code (in the programming language) as the first step. However, writing the code is actually a much later step in the process. A good programmer will plan first and write second, possibly breaking down a large programming task into several smaller tasks in the process. Even when cautioned to plan first and code second, many programming students ignore the advice—after all, why “waste” 30 minutes planning when you are time-crunched from all the work you have to do. This tradeoff, however, presents a false economy—30 minutes planning could save hours of trying to make the code work properly. Well planned code is not only more likely to be correct (or at least closer to correct), but is also easier to understand—and thus fix. To try to better understand the importance of planning before you write, imagine an analogy to building a house or skyscraper. If you were tasked with building a skyscraper, would you break ground and star...

A total solution for developing new innovative medical devices: Clinical needs evaluation Concept design & Product development Electronics & Mechanical Design Prototype testing & trials Regulatory requirements Patents & intellectual property Licensing & market strategy  Contract manufacturing   Concept to reality  Developing medical devices is a complex and diverse process that must consider a myriad of requirements from meeting an unmet clinical need, regulatory requirements, design & patents, manufacturing constraints, and the demands of healthcare providers of reducing costs adding value and improving patient care.    A great idea comes with a bigger challenge.   Divide   this process into four steps .   Step 1 Research >Research >Research Spend hours, days and weeks researching your idea to make sure it’s new and there is a market for your idea. Inventors focus on the new bu...

From light bulbs and television to cell phones and GPS, modern advances in electrical engineering have illuminated, informed, and connected the world. But did you know electrical engineering can be traced back to long before Thomas Edison? The dynamo The invention of the crude electric generator known as the electrical dynamo in 1831 by Michael Faraday made it possible for the industrial use of electricity. Faraday’s electrical dynamo was able to generate stable eclectic current, which was a major problem by then. The dynamo also enabled the invention of other conversion devices that were powered by electricity. The light bulb Two scientists, Thomas Edison, an American, and a British scientist Joseph Swan invented the light bulb in 1878. The duo developed incandescent light bulbs in their respective nations, which saw the electric lighting of houses and later streets. In 1882, Edison further improved the light bulb by relying on his previous direct current system to illuminate the firs...

The sensor selection is a crucial activity in the systems design process, as it will make a great impact on the production of the measurement instrument and the performance during its entire lifetime. It is an act of engineering, in which the design is supported by advanced tools for simulating system behavior based on scientific knowledge. Sensor selection means meeting requirements. The first task of the designer is to get as much information as possible about the future applications of the measurement instrument, all possible conditions of operation, the environmental factors, and the specifications concerning quality, physical dimensions, and costs. Let’s understand the steps to select the right sensor by one illustration. We will take a position sensor because it is most widely used across many industries. Position sensors get called a whole range of things and this can confuse. They get referred to as encoders, transducers, resolvers, transmitters. They can also include a descrip...